Thanh Hóa
Thành phố Thanh Hóa | |
|---|---|
City (Class-1) | |
| Thanh Hóa City | |
 (from top left): Thanh Hóa Bridge, Lê Lợi Avenue; middle: Lê Lợi statue; bottom: Lam Son Square, Đông Sơn drums | |
| Nickname: Hạc Thành | |
 | |
Thanh Hóa | |
| Coordinates: 19°48′27″N 105°46′35″E / 19.80750°N 105.77639°E | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Province | Thanh Hóa |
| Founded | 1994 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Provincial city |
| • Party Secretary | Nguyễn Xuân Phi |
| • President: | Đào Trọng Quy |
| • Federal Council Chairman: | Nguyễn Xuân Phi |
| Area | |
| • City (Class-1) | 146.77 km2 (22.3 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 6,145 km2 (2,373 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| • City (Class-1) | 614,500 |
| • Density | 2,965.8/km2 (7,681/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (ICT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+7 (ICT) |
| Area code | +84 (37) |
| Website | http://thanhhoacity.gov.vn |
Thanh Hóa (Vietnamese: [tʰajŋ̟ hwǎː] (
listen)) is the capital of Thanh Hóa Province.[1] The thành phố is situated in the east of the province on the Ma River (Sông Mã), about 150 kilometers (93 miles) south of Hanoi and 1560 kilometers (969 miles) north of Ho Chi Minh City. Thanh Hoa became one of the most populous cities in North Central Coast after expanding in 2012[clarification needed], with a population of approximately 400,000. Thanh Hoa township was upgraded vĩ đại Thanh Hoa City in 1994 and has been the historical center of politics, economy, culture, education and entertainment of Thanh Hóa Province.[citation needed]
Overview[edit]
Thanh Hoa is a new developing thành phố although its central position was established centuries before. Nowadays, provincial administrators are trying vĩ đại build and gentrify the thành phố so sánh that its important role for the whole province and even North Central Coast is emphasised.
History[edit]
The Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty was the capital of the Trần dynasty from 1398 vĩ đại 1400 and the Hồ dynasty from 1400 vĩ đại 1407.[2]
The Thanh Hóa town and region were an area of popular tư vấn for Lê Lợi and the Lê dynasty in the 1580s,[3] leading vĩ đại the reestablishment of the southern court near the town following the withdrawal of Ming dynasty armies.[4] After 1945 the thành phố was a stronghold of the Viet Minh. In January 1946 the Viet Minh transported all local cells of the VNQDD vĩ đại the thành phố.[5] During the Vietnam War, US strategic bombing destroyed much of the buildings and infrastructure; the whole thành phố has been totally rebuilt since then.
Geography[edit]
Topography[edit]
Xem thêm: Cách nấu chân giò hầm bí xanh (bí đao) ngon ngọt đơn giản tại nhà
Thanh Hoa thành phố is located in centre of Thanh Hoa's plain with many scattered rocky mountains surround. There are two main mountains along the city: Hàm Rồng and Mật Sơn. Hàm Rồng mountain begins from Thiệu Dương commune, which is about 8 km from thành phố centre, along the right ngân hàng of the Ma River vĩ đại Hàm Rồng Thanh Hóa Bridge pier. Ham Rong mountain has 99 peaks and had become an entrench for air defensive in Operation Rolling Thunder. Ma River is the longest river flow through the thành phố, meandering around Ham Rong mountain before flowing vĩ đại South East Asian sea. In addition, there are 5 canals were dug in order vĩ đại tư vấn for watering, drought and flooding.
Climate[edit]
Temperature[edit]
Possessing a marginal humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), bordering on a tropical savanna climate (Aw), Thanh Hóa thành phố has four seasons with two distinctive hot and cold atmospheres in a year.
- The hot season: Beginning in late spring vĩ đại mid-autumn (April vĩ đại mid-November), weather is extreme heat with sunny and sometime Foehn wind. The highest temperature may reach over 40 °C or 104 °F. In this period, flood and drought occur frequently.
- The cool season: Beginning in November vĩ đại the kết thúc of March the following year. The atmosphere is mostly cloudy and dried with cool monsoon from Northeast direction. The lowest temperature may down vĩ đại 5 °C or 41 °F
Annual mean temperature is between 23.3 and 23.6 °C or 73.9 and 74.5 °F.
Monsoon[edit]
Thanh Hóa thành phố is located in coast region so sánh it is affected by three seasonal winds, which are mainly referred vĩ đại distinctive wind directions.
- Northeast direction wind: Blowing from Siberia, and usually comes in January. The winds causes the coolest period of winter.
- Foehn wind: Blowing from Bengal passing on Laos vĩ đại North Central Coast Vietnam. Thus, it's called "Gió Lào" in Vietnamese referred vĩ đại the wind from Laos direction. The wind occurs in summer, normally July or August and causes the hottest atmosphere in a year.
- Southeast direction wind (Gió Nồm): Blowing from sea and occurring in Summer. At the heat of hot season, the winds brings fresh atmosphere vĩ đại land and cool down temperature
Rainfall[edit]
Annual rainfall average is 1,730 vĩ đại 1,980 millimetres or 68 vĩ đại 78 inches.
| Climate data for Thanh Hóa | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.0 (91.4) |
35.8 (96.4) |
38.9 (102.0) |
41.5 (106.7) |
41.9 (107.4) |
41.3 (106.3) |
42.0 (107.6) |
41.8 (107.2) |
38.6 (101.5) |
37.2 (99.0) |
35.2 (95.4) |
31.4 (88.5) |
42.0 (107.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 20.1 (68.2) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
27.1 (80.8) |
31.3 (88.3) |
33.2 (91.8) |
33.2 (91.8) |
32.1 (89.8) |
30.7 (87.3) |
28.5 (83.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.1 (71.8) |
27.3 (81.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.3 (81.1) |
29.1 (84.4) |
29.2 (84.6) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
24.9 (76.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
23.7 (74.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 15.1 (59.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
21.6 (70.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
22.4 (72.3) |
19.3 (66.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.3 (61.3) |
13.2 (55.8) |
6.7 (44.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
5.4 (41.7) |
| Average precipitation milimet (inches) | 23.3 (0.92) |
21.4 (0.84) |
41.4 (1.63) |
62.1 (2.44) |
142.8 (5.62) |
179.6 (7.07) |
195.5 (7.70) |
278.4 (10.96) |
394.1 (15.52) |
267.4 (10.53) |
77.3 (3.04) |
28.1 (1.11) |
1,711.5 (67.38) |
| Average rainy days | 9.6 | 11.7 | 14.5 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 12.4 | 7.6 | 6.2 | 139.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84.9 | 87.8 | 89.5 | 89.1 | 84.1 | 80.6 | 81.0 | 84.9 | 85.5 | 83.4 | 81.9 | 81.3 | 84.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 77.5 | 52.2 | 56.1 | 110.6 | 198.7 | 191.8 | 209.9 | 175.1 | 161.3 | 154.1 | 129.4 | 112.3 | 1,630.4 |
| Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[6] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: The Yearbook of Indochina (1932-1933)[7] | |||||||||||||
Administrative Subdivision[edit]
By the time 2012, Thanh Hoa thành phố had 12 inner wards and 6 outer communes. After expansion in February 2012, the thành phố merged some subdivisions from other nearby districts and that extended total of urban subdivisions up vĩ đại 37. Thanh Hoa thành phố currently has đôi mươi inner wards and 17 outer communes.
| 20 Inner Wards | Area | Population | Density | 17 Outer Communes | Area | Population | Density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| An Hoạch | 2.55 | 5,953 | 2,335 | Ðông Hưng | 4.36 | 3,723 | 854 |
| Ba Ðình | 0.7 | 12,383 | 16,852 | Ðông Lĩnh | 8.83 | 9,026 | 1,022 |
| Ðiện Biên | 0.68 | 9,719 | 14,293 | Ðông Tân | 4.51 | 7,401 | 124 |
| Ðông Thọ | 3.64 | 13,902 | 3,809 | Ðông Vinh | 4.38 | 3,347 | 764 |
| Ðông Cương | 6.8 | 16,800 | 1,313 | Hoằng Anh | 3.49 | 4,100 | 1,175 |
| Ðông Hải | 6.84 | 16,100 | 2,354 | Hoàng Ðại | 4.67 | 4,902 | 910 |
| Ðông Hương | 3.37 | 17,000 | 5,045 | Hoằng Long | 2.29 | 2,571 | 1,123 |
| Ðông Sơn | 0.84 | 9,622 | 11,154 | Hoằng Lý | 2.9 | 3,063 | 1,056 |
| Ðông Vệ | 4.78 | 16,107 | 3,370 | Hoằng Quang | 6.28 | 6,098 | 971 |
| Hàm Rồng | 4.18 | 5,022 | 1,201 | Quảng Cát | 6.9 | 5,004 | 790 |
| Lam Sơn | 0.86 | 12,676 | 14,740 | Quảng Ðông | 6.6 | 5,089 | 780 |
| Nam Ngạn | 1.58 | 8,475 | 5,363 | Quảng Phú | 6.6 | 7,054 | 1,120 |
| Ngọc Trạo | 0.54 | 11,183 | 20,709 | Quảng Tâm | 3.7 | 9,619 | 2,710 |
| Phú Sơn | 1.93 | 8,453 | 4,380 | Quảng Thành | 5.6 | 7,918 | 1,512 |
| Quảng Hưng | 5.73 | 7,236 | 1,263 | Thiệu Dương | 5.66 | 9,604 | 1,706 |
| Quảng Thành | 8.49 | 20,000 | 2,356 | Thiệu Khánh | 5.38 | 9,577 | 1,790 |
| Quảng Thắng | 3.55 | 5,927 | 1,670 | Thiệu Vân | 3.7 | 5,861 | 1,620 |
| Tào Xuyên | 2.75 | 6,520 | 2,965 | Total of Communes | 85.85 | 103,127 | 1,202 |
| Tân Sơn | 0.78 | 11,114 | 14,249 | ||||
| Trường Thi | 0.86 | 11,926 | 13,867 | ||||
| Total of Wards | 61.45 | 226,118 | 3,680 |
Note: Area: km2; Density: People/km2 (Statistics in 2009)
After expansion, Thanh Hoa city's population had rise up from 207,698 vĩ đại 406,550 people (2014). According vĩ đại urban development plan in 2012, the estimated population will be approximate 1 million in 2030 with 800,000 urban people.
Thanh Hóa Citadel[edit]
A star shaped fortress was built in 1804 during the reign of Emperor Gia Long vĩ đại improve defense of the thành phố. It was French-influenced and defended the residents with a moat. It is now a residential area covering Ðiện Biên and Tân Sơn wards.
Economy[edit]
According vĩ đại statistics from 2013, the GDP sector composition of the city's economy was the following:
- Agricultural sector: 7.6%
- Industrial sector: 46%
- Service sector: 46.4%
The annual economic growth rate was 15% (2013). Total of capital development fund estimated 12,665 thousand billion VND (~650 million USD), export volume estimated 504 million USD. State budgets revenue is 1,436 thousand billion VND(~70 million USD). GDP per capital is 3,930 USD.
Currently, there are three industrial regions locally:
- Le Mon industrial region: Is situated in the east and 5 km from thành phố centre. The industrial hub was established in 2005 with planned scale 87 hectare. Main industries concentrate on high-tech applications, manufacturing and processing raw materials within province, agricultural, forestry and fishery, mechanical assembly, electronic and telecommunication devices,... Some FDI organizations invested and operate are Sunjade company (Taiwan), Sakura company, Yotsuba Dress company (Japan), Vinamilk,...
- Dinh Huong industrial region: Is located 2 km from north thành phố centre.
Transportation[edit]
As central position of province, Thanh Hoa thành phố is the heart of transport network, where every essential transportation modes are aggregated such as North–South Railway (Vietnam), National Route 1A (Vietnam), National Route 47, buses system and many other provincial routes.
Le Mon port is situated beside Ma River and 4 km from thành phố centre east. This river port supports and provides transportation for Le Mon industrial region.
In February 2013, Tho Xuan Airport, which is located 45 km vĩ đại the east from thành phố, was implemented and upgrade vĩ đại turn into a mixed civilian/military airport. This airport became the place provide air transport services for Thanh Hoa thành phố.
Xem thêm: Cách nấu canh đu đủ nấu sườn non cực đơn giản ngay tại nhà
References[edit]
- ^ Robert Trando Letters of a Vietnamese Émigré -2010 Page 144 "The name of its thành phố is Thanh Hóa City."
- ^ "Citadel of the Ho Dynasty".
- ^ Keat Gin Ooi Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat vĩ đại East ... Volume 1 - Page 805 2004 "Mac efforts notwithstanding, many people went south vĩ đại tư vấn the restoration of the Le dynasty in Thanh Hoa. Throughout the sixteenth century, Mac-Le animosity was played out on the battlefield."
- ^ Vietnam Insight Guides 2002 - Page đôi mươi "The southern court is founded near Thanh Hoa. 1592: The death of Mac dynasty's last king, Mac Mau Hop, ends the war."
- ^ Van Dao Hoang Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang: A Contemporary History of a National Struggle: 1927-1954 2008 Page 331 "Afterward, the VC transported all Party members and their weapons vĩ đại Thanh Hóa thành phố."
- ^ "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ The Yearbook of Indochina (1932-1933)
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